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Liquidation
Borrowers (minters) whose collateral rate falls below 150% of the minimum collateral rate must be liquidated to ensure that the vUSD/rvUSD stablecoin is fully backed by collateral assets.
During liquidation, the borrower's (minter's) debt is reduced, and liquidators receive the collateral asset in exchange for paying off the debt.
After liquidation, the borrower's (minter's) reduced debt is paid off, and the value of the remaining collateral equals 110% of the reduced debt.
It is highly recommended to always maintain a healthy collateral rate above 150%, preferably above 200%.
Liquidators are the first line of defense in preserving system viability. By becoming a liquidator, users can use their vUSD/rvUSD to settle any borrowers' (minters') debts at any time, maintaining the stability of vUSD/rvUSD and the total supply of vUSD/rvUSD. Liquidators are rewarded when liquidation proceeds.
When a borrower (minter) is being liquidated, up to 50% of the borrower's collateral is burned from the liquidator's balance to settle the debt. In return, the liquidator receives the collateral asset worth 109% of the value of the repaid vUSD/rvUSD, and at least 0.5% of the collateral asset goes to the Keeper.
Any third party can operate a Keeper Program to monitor the state of each liquidator and borrower (minter) on the Vibranium Protocol.
When a borrower needs to be liquidated, the Keeper can choose to do so immediately using vUSD/rvUSD supplied by the appropriate liquidator in exchange for 1% of the liquidated assets.
- Alice deposits 10 ETH (~$14,800) and mints 10,000 vUSD/rvUSD against her collateral.
- Alice's Collateral Rate = 100% * 14800 / 10000 = 148%
- Alice is at risk of getting liquidated, and the maximum amount that can be liquidated is 5 ETH.
- Bob is a Liquidator holding 3,000 vUSD/rvUSD.
- Cathy is a Keeper and decides to conduct liquidation on Alice.
- Bob, the liquidator, repays 3,000 vUSD/rvUSD on Alice's behalf and receives stETH = 3000 / 1480 * 109% = 2.209459, worth 3,270 vUSD/rvUSD.
- Cathy, the Keeper, receives stETH = 3000 / 1480 * 1% = 0.02027, worth 30 vUSD/rvUSD.
- Alice's updated debt is 10,000 - 3,000 = 7,000 vUSD/rvUSD, her collateral is 10 - 2.209459 - 0.2027 = 7.77 ETH, and her current collateral rate is 1480 * 7.77 / 7000 = 164%.
If you are familiar with the entire process, you can perform a liquidation on borrowers (minters) using the official liquidation tool, earning a 10% liquidation reward.
You can also enable the liquidator feature, grant a third-party Keeper access to your funds, and allow them to carry out the liquidation process in exchange for a portion of the 10% liquidation reward (9% to the liquidator and 1% to the Keeper).
You can become a liquidator by simply activating the Liquidator Feature, which can be deactivated at any time to stop the automatic liquidation process.
By enabling the liquidator feature, you can earn an additional 9% arbitrage profit whenever your account's eUSD balance is automatically converted to more stETH through liquidation.
When the Vibranium Protocol Overall Collateral Rate falls below 150%, any user with a collateral rate below 125% may be fully liquidated. In this scenario, the liquidator only needs to pay X vUSD/rvUSD to obtain X * (current collateral rate - 1%) from the liquidated borrower (minter), while the Keeper's reward remains at 1%.
Note: If the Collateral Rate of the liquidated borrower (borrower) is below (100% + Keeper's Reward Ratio), the liquidation provider will receive X * current CR (not less than 100%) of stETH, while the Keeper gets no reward in this case.
For example,
When Overall Liquidation Mode is activated:
- Alice deposits 10 ETH (~$12,400), borrows 10,000 eUSD, and her collateral rate is 100% * 12400 / 10000 = 124%, which can be fully liquidated.
- Bob provides 10,000 vUSD/rvUSD in exchange for Alice's 10 ETH collateral. Once the full liquidation is complete, Alice's updated debt and collateral are both 0.
By understanding and actively participating in the Vibranium Protocol as a liquidator, redemption provider, or Keeper, you can benefit from the various mechanisms designed to ensure the stability of the vUSD/rvUSD stablecoin and protect the overall system. Always remember to maintain a healthy collateral rate to minimize the risk of liquidation and maximize the potential benefits of participating in the protocol.